@article{ref1,
title="Diving-related injuries in children <20 years old treated in emergency departments in the United States: 1990-2006",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2008",
author="Day, Christopher and Stolz, Uwe and Mehan, Tracy J. and Smith, Gary A. and McKenzie, Lara Beth",
volume="122",
number="2",
pages="e388-94",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to comprehensively examine diving-related injuries in the United States among children and adolescents &lt;20 years of age. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of diving-related injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, including patients aged &lt;20 years old who were seen in an emergency department for a diving-related injury from 1990 through 2006. RESULTS: An estimated 111341 patients aged &lt;or=19 years were treated in emergency departments for diving-related injuries over the 17-year period of the study. The average annual injury rate was 8.4 injuries per 100000 US residents &lt;20 years old. Patients aged 10 to 14 years composed the largest group (36.3%) of injured divers. Injuries to the head and/or neck (38.2%) and face (21.7%) were the most common, with the most frequent diagnoses being lacerations (33.9%) and soft tissue injuries (24.3%). Collision with a diving board and/or platform was the leading cause of injuries (43.9%). Children &lt;10 years old had increased odds of sustaining a laceration, children &lt;5 years old had increased odds of injury to the face, and 10- to 19-year-olds had increased odds of sustaining a fracture or an injury to the extremities. The odds of injury caused by contact with the diving board dramatically increased if the child was performing a flip and/or handstand or a backward dive. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine recreational and competitive diving-related injuries among children and adolescents using a nationally representative sample. These results can help inform pediatricians, parents, coaches, and trainers regarding injuries seen during recreational and competitive diving and can help guide future prevention efforts. <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2008-0024",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0024"
}