@article{ref1,
title="Joint Development of Bullying and Victimization in Adolescence: Relations to Delinquency and Self-Harm",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2008",
author="Barker, Edward D. and Arseneault, Louise and Brendgen, Mara R. and Fontaine, Nathalie and Maughan, B.",
volume="47",
number="9",
pages="1030-1038",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:: To estimate trajectories of bullying and victimization in early to mid-adolescence, associations between the trajectories, and links with delinquency and self-harm. METHOD:: A total of 3,932 adolescents (50% boys) reported bullying (ages 14 to 16), victimization (ages 13 to 16), delinquency (age 16), and self-harm (age 16). RESULTS:: Two bullying trajectories (low/decreasing, high/increasing) and three victimization trajectories (low, high/decreasing, high/increasing) were identified. Over time, victimization increased the likelihood of involvement in bullying to a greater extent than bullying increased the likelihood of victimization. Boys and girls in the high/increasing bullying and the low or high/increasing victimization trajectories (i.e., the bullies and the bully-victims) were highest in mid-adolescent delinquency. Girls following the high/increasing bullying and high/increasing victimization trajectories (bully-victims) were the highest in mid-adolescent self-harm. CONCLUSIONS:: Youths who are victimized by their peers are at increased risk, in turn, of victimizing others. Sex-specific adjustment problems are associated with differing patterns of involvement in bullying and victimization among adolescents. <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eec98",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eec98"
}