@article{ref1,
title="Geographic variation of bone mineral density and selected risk factors for prediction of incident fracture among Canadians 50 and older",
journal="Bone",
year="2008",
author="Langsetmo, Lisa and Hanley, David A. and Kreiger, N. and Jamal, Sophie A. and Prior, Jerilynn and Adachi, Jonathan D. and Davison, K. Shawn and Kovacs, Christopher and Anastassiades, Tassos and Tenenhouse, Alan and Goltzman, David",
volume="43",
number="4",
pages="672-678",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Striking geographic variation in the incidence of osteoporotic fracture has been shown in national and international studies. The contributing risk factors for this variation are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the geographic variation of bone mineral density (BMD) values, prevalent low-trauma fracture, prior falls, and vertebral deformity and to determine how this variation is related to the geographic variation of incident low-trauma fracture. METHODS: We studied incident fracture among 2484 men and 6093 women ages 50 and older from CaMos, a randomly-selected population-based longitudinal cohort recruited from within 50 kilometers of nine cities across Canada. Analyses included up to an eight-year follow-up. RESULTS: Estimates of fracture incidence are all age-standardized and given per 1000 person-years and CI denotes confidence interval. Among men, the lowest incidence of low-trauma fracture was 3.2 (95% CI: 1.1-7.5) in Quebec and the highest was 11.9 (95% CI: 7.1-18.6) in Calgary, compared with an overall incidence of 7.2 (95% CI: 5.8-8.7). Among women, the lowest incidence of low-trauma fracture was 11.5 (95% CI: 8.5-15.1) in Halifax and the highest was 18.5 (95% CI: 14.6-23.3) in Calgary, compared with an overall incidence of 15.3 (95% CI: 14.1-16.7). The regional variation in low-trauma fractures was similar to variation in hip fracture incidence among women (Pearson correlation, r=0.46 to 0.76) but not men (r=-0.06 to 0.05). We noted significant geographic variation in the prevalence of low BMD, as defined by BMD T-score</=-2.5, deformity.  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="8756-3282",
doi="10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.009"
}