@article{ref1,
title="Neurocognitive vulnerability amongst university rugby players versus noncontact sport controls",
journal="Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology",
year="2008",
author="Shuttleworth-Edwards, Ann B. and Smith, I. and Radloff, Sarah E.",
volume="30",
number="8",
pages="870 - 884",
abstract="University rugby players were compared with IQ-equivalent noncontact sports controls on memory and attentional tasks at the pre- and postseason intervals. Results revealed significant lowering for rugby players relative to controls at the postseason interval for attentional tasks with a speeded visuomotor component (ImPACT Visual Motor Speed; Trail Making Test, TMT, A and B). There was a practice effect for controls only between the pre- and postseason intervals for attentional tasks that commonly reveal improvements after a long retest interval (TMT A and B; Digits Backwards). Medium to large effect sizes implicate clinically relevant cognitive vulnerability for university-level rugby players in association with years of exposure to repetitive concussive injury.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1380-3395",
doi="10.1080/13803390701846914",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390701846914"
}