@article{ref1,
title="Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2-3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks",
journal="Journal of Traumatic Stress",
year="2008",
author="DiGrande, Laura and Perrin, Megan A. and Thorpe, Lorna E. and Thalji, Lisa and Murphy, Robert X. and Wu, David and Farfel, Mark and Brackbill, Robert M.",
volume="21",
number="3",
pages="264-273",
abstract="Manhattan residents living near the World Trade Center may have been particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. In 2003-2004, the authors administered the PTSD Checklist to 11,037 adults who lived south of Canal Street in New York City on 9/11. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.6% and associated with older age, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, low education and income, and divorce. Injury, witnessing horror, and dust cloud exposure on 9/11 increased risk for chronic PTSD. Postdisaster risk factors included evacuation and rescue and recovery work. The results indicate that PTSD is a continued health problem in the local community. The relationship between socioeconomic status and PTSD suggests services must target marginalized populations. Followup is necessary on the course and long-term consequences of PTSD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0894-9867",
doi="10.1002/jts.20345",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20345"
}