@article{ref1,
title="The adolescent origins of substance use disorders",
journal="International journal of methods in psychiatric research",
year="2008",
author="McGue, Matthew K. and Iacono, William G.",
volume="17",
number="S1",
pages="S30-S38",
abstract="Although early use of alcohol during adolescence has been consistently associated with increased risk of alcoholism in adulthood, the specific mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. We describe a program of epidemiological twin-family research that shows that early use of alcohol is best conceptualized as an indicator of a more general propensity to engage in adolescent problem behavior. Adolescent problem behavior, in turn, is a risk factor for a broad range of adult externalizing disorders, of which alcoholism is but one manifestation. These findings are shown to be consistent with a dual-process model whereby early adolescent problem behavior is associated with increased risk of adult psychopathology because both are indicators of a common inherited liability and because early adolescent problem behavior increases the likelihood an adolescent is exposed to high-risk environments. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of cross-cultural research, which may be especially informative for identifying the consequences of early adolescent drinking.</p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1049-8931",
doi="10.1002/mpr.242",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.242"
}