@article{ref1,
title="School bullying and its association with health and lifestyle among schoolchildren",
journal="Medicina (Lithuania)",
year="2008",
author="Zaborskis, Apolinaras and Vareikiene, Inga",
volume="44",
number="3",
pages="232-239",
abstract="The purpose of the study was to assess the association of bullying and being bullied with indicators of subjective health and problem behaviors among schoolchildren aged 11-15 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of the anonymous survey of 5645 filth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade students (aged 11, 13, and 15 years, respectively), conducted in the spring of 2002, were analyzed. The students completed the World Health Organization's Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire that included self-report of involvement in bullying and being bullied by others as well as subjective health and well-being estimates, health complains (headache, stomachache, back pain, anxiety, etc.), and problem behaviors (smoking, alcohol and drug use, suicidal ideation). The response rate was 95%. RESULTS: More than half (52.3%) of students were involved in bullying process at least two times per month: 17.9% were involved as bullies (&quot;victims&quot;), 18.3% were bullied (&quot;aggressors&quot;), and 16.1% bullied others and were bullied themselves. A significant association between experiencing bullying and adverse health outcomes was found. Perpetrating bullying increased the odds of smoking, alcohol and drug use. Perpetrating and/or experiencing bullying increased the risk of high suicidal ideation that had cumulative effect. The established associations varied between genders and groups of students defined as &quot;victims,&quot; &quot;aggressors,&quot; and &quot;victims/aggressors.&quot; CONCLUSIONS: In Lithuania, school bullying is extremely prevalent and is associated with health disorders, poorer well-being, and problem behavior of schoolchildren. Urgent antibullying efforts, including both research and preventive measures, are needed in order to deal with this social phenomenon.   <p></p>  <p>Language: lt</p>",
language="lt",
issn="1010-660X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}