@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol and drug expectancies as anticipated changes in affect: negative reinforcement is not sedation",
journal="Substance use and misuse",
year="2008",
author="Wiers, Reinout W.",
volume="43",
number="3",
pages="429-444",
abstract="Goldman and Darkes (2004) argued that all three basic alcohol-expectancy factors can be assessed with a brief questionnaire (AEMax), related to the circumplex model of emotion. I argue that negative reinforcement, one of the three basic expectancy factors, is not assessed with the AEMax. Importantly, negative reinforcement is positively related to problem drinking while sedation (the AEMax-factor that comes closest) is not. In a new dataset (from 119 students, collected in 2002), I demonstrate that sedation is related to negative expectancies and not to negative reinforcement. Different ways to assess all major expectancy factors are proposed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1082-6084",
doi="10.1080/10826080701203021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080701203021"
}