@article{ref1,
title="Transorbital intracranial penetrating injury-an anatomical classification",
journal="Surgical Neurology",
year="2009",
author="Balasubramanian, Chandramouli and Kaliaperumal, Chandrasekaran and Jadun, Changez K. and Dias, Palitha S.",
volume="71",
number="2",
pages="238-240",
abstract="BACKGROUND: A transorbital intracranial injury with a wooden foreign body can be very difficult to diagnose and manage. The orbit forms an easy path for low-velocity foreign bodies into the intracranial space. The severity of the injury is often masked by unobtrusive superficial wounds. Computed tomography (CT) findings may be misinterpreted as pneumocephalus. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a young gentleman who had a fall under the influence of alcohol near a bush and, on clinical presentation, had very little signs of a penetrating injury in the skin. There was some numbness in the V1 distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Further investigation and management are described. CONCLUSION: Although magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive and specific, a CT angiogram with 3-dimensional reconstruction will provide much insight into the mode of intervention required. We present an anatomical classification for such injuries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-3019",
doi="10.1016/j.surneu.2007.07.050",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2007.07.050"
}