@article{ref1,
title="Levels of learned helplessness in abused women",
journal="Women and therapy",
year="1993",
author="Wilson, Kathy and Varcella, Regina and Brems, Christiane and Benning, Deborah and Renfro, Nancy",
volume="13",
number="4",
pages="53-67",
abstract="This study investigated the relationships between help-seeking, learned helplessness and severity of abuse in a sample of four groups of women. It was found that abused women seeking help, either by residing in a shelter or attending a support group, as opposed to women who not seeking help or women who were not abused, evidenced higher levels of self-reported abuse and learned helplessness. These findings were discussed in light of research by Walker (1984) and Gondolf and Fisher (1988) who see help-seeking and learned helplessness as opposing or mutually exclusive behaviors or personality traits.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0270-3149",
doi="10.1300/J015v13n04_04",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J015v13n04_04"
}