@article{ref1,
title="Seasonal affective disorder in a spinal cord injury population",
journal="Journal of the American Paraplegia Society",
year="1992",
author="Joerres, S. G. and Bonifay, R. E. and Hastings, J. E. and Saltzstein, R. J. and Hayes, T. J.",
volume="15",
number="2",
pages="66-70",
abstract="Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) has received formal research attention only within the last eight years. Diagnostic criteria for SAD include many characteristics typical of depression: sadness, low self-esteem, lack of energy, social withdrawal, and suicide ideation, and features of atypical depression: carbohydrate craving, overeating, weight gain, and hypersomnia. Differential diagnosis of the disorder depends on an onset in fall/winter and remission in spring/summer. It was hypothesized that spinal cord injury (SCI) patients would have a higher incidence of the disorder in the northern latitudes because of decreased outdoor activities in winter and because of such light-depriving winter survival tactics as installing opaque plastic for storm windows. SCI patient responded to a postal survey which included Rosenthal's Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). <br><br>RESULTS showed a substantially higher rate of SAD among SCI patients than in the normative sample.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0195-2307",
doi="10.1080/01952307.1992.11735864",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01952307.1992.11735864"
}