@article{ref1,
title="Associations between depressive symptom clusters and care utilization and costs among community-dwelling older adults",
journal="International journal of geriatric psychiatry",
year="2022",
author="Lu, Shiyu and Zhang, Yan and Liu, Tianyin and Leung, Dara K. Y. and Kwok, Wai-Wai and Luo, Hao and Tang, Jennifer and Wong, Gloria H. Y. and Lum, Terry Y. S.",
volume="37",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: Whether and how symptom clusters are associated with care utilization remains understudied. This study aims to investigate the economic impact of symptom clusters. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data collected from 3255 older adults aged 60 years and over in Hong Kong using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Client Service Receipt Inventory to measure depressive symptoms and service utilization to calculate 1-year care expenditure. Based on Research Domain Criteria framework, we categorized depressive symptoms into four clusters: Negative Valance Systems and Externalizing (NVSE; anhedonia and depression), Negative Valance Systems and Internalizing (guilt and self-harm), Arousal and Regulatory Systems (sleep, fatigue, and appetite), and Cognitive and Sensorimotor Systems (CSS; concentration and psychomotor). Two-part models were used with four symptom clusters to estimate economic impacts on care utilization. RESULTS: Core affective symptoms had the largest economic impact on non-psychiatric care expenditure; a one-point increase in NVSE was associated with USD$ 571 additional non-psychiatric care expenditure. The economic impacts of CSS on non-psychiatric care expenditure was attenuated when the severity level of NVSE was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of understanding economic impacts on care utilization based on symptom profiles with a particular emphasis on symptom combinations. Policymakers should optimize care allocation based on older adults' depressive symptom profiles rather than simply considering their depression sum-score or the severity defined by cut-off points.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-6230",
doi="10.1002/gps.5636",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.5636"
}