@article{ref1,
title="Childhood trauma exposure, age and self-compassion as predictors of later-life symptoms of depression and anxiety in American Indian adults",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2024",
author="John-Henderson, Neha A. and Helm, Peter J. and Kothe, Reece and Larsen, Jade Michael and Bullman, Mikayla",
volume="153",
number="",
pages="e106860-e106860",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Although previous research has established a relationship between childhood trauma and later-life anxiety and depression symptoms in American Indian samples, less is known about protective factors that may reduce the strength of this relationship. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate in a sample of American Indian adults, whether age moderates the relationship between self-compassion and poor mental health associated with childhood trauma. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Seven hundred and twenty-nine self-identifying American Indian adults (age 18-95) residing in the United States completed an online survey. <br><br>METHOD: All participants were self-identifying American Indian adults recruited via Qualtrics, which utilized targeted recruiting through managed research panels. Participants self-reported age, gender, income, and completed measures of self-compassion, childhood trauma, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. <br><br>RESULTS: Lower self-compassion predicted higher levels of both anxiety symptoms (β = -2.69, R(2)change = 0.24, t(718) = -15.92, p < .001) and depression symptoms (β = -2.23, R(2)change = 0.26, t(718) = -16.30, p < .001). In line with our hypothesis, there was a significant three-way interaction between age, childhood trauma exposure and self-compassion in predicting later-life symptoms of anxiety (β = -0.68, t(712) = -3.57, p < .001, R(2)change = 0.01) and depression (β = -0.54, t(712) = -3.32, p = .001, R(2)change = 0.01). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that for older American Indian adults, self-compassion may be a particularly promising protective factor for symptoms of depression for those who have experienced high levels of childhood trauma, and for symptoms of anxiety regardless of childhood trauma exposure.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106860",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106860"
}