@article{ref1,
title="Cutaneous burns caused by sulfuric acid drain cleaner",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="1998",
author="Groff, D. B. and Maniscalco, S. P. and Sundine, M. J. and Schnier, G. C. and Bond, S. J.",
volume="44",
number="3",
pages="523-526",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Highly concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid are available to unclog drains. We have noted a substantial number of both accidental and intentional cutaneous burns caused by these agents. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of children and adults who sustained sulfuric acid burns over a 13-year period ending in May 1996. Reports of injuries related to drain cleaners filed with the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission between 1991 and 1995 were also reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (13 children, 8 adults) sustained cutaneous burns caused by concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. In 8 instances, the burn was accidental, whereas in 13 cases, sulfuric acid was used as a weapon. Median total body surface area burned was 5% (range, 1-25%). Approximately 50% of burns involved the face and neck. Skin grafting was required in 14 patients (66%). It is estimated that nationwide approximately 3,000 injuries per year are related to drain cleaners and that one-third of these involve cutaneous burns. CONCLUSION: Highly concentrated sulfuric acid drain cleaner can produce full-thickness cutaneous burns that require skin grafting in the majority of cases. Proper use of these agents and sequestering them from children may reduce accidental contact; however, their abuse as agents of assault remains a source of significant morbidity.",
language="",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}