@article{ref1,
title="Humiliation, shame, and violence: Honor, trauma, and political extremism before and after the 2009 crisis in Greece",
journal="International forum of psychoanalysis",
year="2022",
author="Gerodimos, R.",
volume="31",
number="1",
pages="34-45",
abstract="Recent scholarship has mapped the dynamic between humiliation and violence, including the role of trauma and self-esteem. While existing research has mostly focused on individuals, there is a strong case for applying this framework to the macrosocial level. Taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines psychoanalysis, cultural anthropology, and political sociology, this paper carries out a step-by-step application of Gilligan's shame/violence theory to the case of Greece, focusing on the post-2009 era known as &quot;the Crisis.&quot; This paper outlines the root causes of the shame/violence dynamic in Greece, with reference to communitarian moral codes and honor crimes, as well as political divisions, unresolved trauma, and shame/violence spirals originating in the mid-twentieth century. It then examines the role of humiliation during the current economic crisis, as well as the surge of political aggression. The application of Gilligan's theory provides us with a compelling interpretation of civic culture in contemporary Greece, throwing light on patterns of collective self-harming behavior (&quot;suicide by cop&quot;)-as both a possible result of subjective humiliation, and a means of seeking pity and attention. The paper also identifies the existence of accumulated shame, which could lead to outbreaks of political extremism. © 2018 The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0803-706X",
doi="10.1080/0803706X.2018.1523558",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2018.1523558"
}