@article{ref1,
title="Guns and violence: The enduring impact of crack cocaine markets on young black males",
journal="Journal of public economics",
year="2022",
author="Evans, W.N. and Garthwaite, C. and Moore, T.J.",
volume="206",
number="",
pages="-",
abstract="The violence associated with crack cocaine markets in the 1980s and 1990s has repercussions today. Using cross-city variation in when crack cocaine arrived and an older comparison group, we estimate that the US murder rate of black males aged 15-24 was still 70 percent higher 17 years after crack markets had emerged. Using the fraction of gun-related suicides as a proxy for gun availability, we find that increased access to guns led to persistently higher murder rates. Our estimates imply that more guns due to crack-related violence explains approximately one-tenth of the current life-expectancy gap between white and black males. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0047-2727",
doi="10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104581",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104581"
}