@article{ref1,
title="Neuropsychological profiles of adult bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder",
journal="International journal of bipolar disorders",
year="2019",
author="Salarvan, S. and Sparding, T. and Clements, C. and Rydén, E. and Landén, M.",
volume="7",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in bipolar disorder and associated with worse outcomes. Cognitive testing might be a tool to identify this group. Here we compare the neuropsychological profiles of bipolar disorder patients with (BD + cADHD) and without (BD − cADHD) childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. <br><br>METHODS: Adult patients with BD − cADHD (n = 66), BD + cADHD (n = 32), and healthy controls (n = 112) were tested using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients underwent rigorous diagnostic assessments for bipolar disorder and ADHD, as well as a parental interview to establish childhood ADHD. <br><br>RESULTS: The neuropsychological profiles of the groups were similar, except that the BD + cADHD group performed significantly worse on working memory. Working memory did not differ between those in the BD + cADHD group who only had a history of childhood ADHD and those that still met criteria for ADHD in adulthood. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive testing had limited power to differentiate between bipolar disorder adults with and without childhood ADHD. The BD + cADHD subgroup cannot explain the significant cognitive heterogeneity seen in bipolar disorder patients. © 2019, The Author(s).<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2194-7511",
doi="10.1186/s40345-019-0149-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40345-019-0149-9"
}