@article{ref1,
title="Parental rearing attitudes in childhood is associated with adult Sleep disturbances independently from depression and life events: A cross-sectional survey in Japan",
journal="Sapporo medical journal",
year="2018",
author="Amai, M. and Nojima, M. and Sato, T. and Udagawa, Y. and Mori, M.",
volume="87",
number="1-6",
pages="63-74",
abstract="Sleep disturbance associated with depression and suicide is a serious public health concern. Previous studies have suggested that sleep disturbances increase the risk of suicide without going through depression. Adverse childhood experience, which has a long-term effect on mental health, is also a serious problem. We conducted a study to investigate the association between parental rearing attitudes in childhood and sleep disturbances in adulthood by performing a questionnaire survey. A cross-sectional survey performed with the residents of a provincial city in Japan. A total of 1,500 male (aged ≥ 30 years) subjects were randomly selected by a computer from the basic resident register after stratifying them by age. The subjects were assessed by personal characteristics, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), and the Parent Bonding Instrument (PBI). We obtained an answer from 400 people (26.7%) among 1,500 subjects. Their average age and standard deviation were 48.3±8.6 years at the time of the survey. According to performing a logistic regression analysis that assessed each parental bonding type compared with optimal bonding adjusted for CES-D and SRRS, &quot;affectionless control&quot; and &quot;awaking during sleep,&quot; and &quot;affectionate constraint&quot; and &quot;a sense of insufficiency of the sleep&quot; were significantly associated, even after controlling for age (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.46-5.87; OR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.79, respectively). Our study raises the possibility that the parental care of a child affects sleep disturbances in adulthood. © 2018 Sapporo Medical University. All rights reserved.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0036-472X",
doi="10.15114/smj.87.63",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.15114/smj.87.63"
}