@article{ref1,
title="Reflections of the Self: How Self-Esteem Determines Decision Framing and Increases Risk Taking",
journal="Journal of behavioral decision making",
year="2007",
author="McElroy, Todd and Seta, John J. and Waring, Douglas A.",
volume="20",
number="3",
pages="223-240",
abstract="Historically, research examining the influence of individual personality factors on decision processing has been sparse. In this paper we investigate how one important individual aspect, self-esteem, influences imposition and subsequent processing of ambiguously, negatively or positively framed decision tasks. We hypothesized that low self-esteem individuals would impose a negative frame onto ambiguous decision problems and would be especially sensitive to negatively framed decision tasks. In Study 1 we utilized a self-framing procedure and demonstrated that HSE participants were evenly divided in the hedonic valence they self-imposed whereas LSE participants were more likely to self-impose a negative frame. When these differences were accounted for, HSE and LSE participants were equivalent in risk seeking/avoiding choices. Study 2 used a risky-choice framing task and found that LSE individuals were especially sensitive to the negative frame. Study 3, provided converging evidence and generalization of these findings to a reflection tasks involving money.<p />",
language="",
issn="0894-3257",
doi="10.1002/bdm.551",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.551"
}