@article{ref1,
title="Effects of expanded adverse childhood experiences including school bullying, childhood poverty, and natural disasters on mental health in adulthood",
journal="Scientific reports",
year="2024",
author="Sasaki, Natsu and Watanabe, Kazuhiro and Kanamori, Yoshiaki and Tabuchi, Takahiro and Fujiwara, Takeo and Nishi, Daisuke",
volume="14",
number="1",
pages="e12015-e12015",
abstract="The study aimed to examine the association of expanded adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with psychological distress in adulthood. The data from nation-wide online cohort was used for analysis. Community dwelling adults in Japan were included. The ACEs was assessed by 15 items of ACE-J, including childhood poverty and school bullying. Severe psychological distress was determined as the score of Kessler 6 over 13. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, by using sample weighting. A total of 28,617 participants were analyzed. About 75% of Japanese people had one or more ACEs. The prevalence of those with ACEs over 4 was 14.7%. Those with ACEs over 4 showed adjusted odds ratio = 8.18 [95% CI 7.14-9.38] for severe psychological distress. The prevalence of childhood poverty was 29% for 50-64 year old participants and 40% of 65 or older participants. The impact of childhood poverty on psychological distress was less than other ACEs in these age cohorts. Bullying was experienced 21-27% in young generations, but 10% in 65 or older participants. However, the impact on psychological distress in adulthood was relatively high in all age groups. ACEs have impacted mental health for a long time. Future research and practice to reduce ACEs are encouraged.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2045-2322",
doi="10.1038/s41598-024-62634-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62634-7"
}