@article{ref1,
title="Indirect (chronic) self-destructiveness and modes of suicide attempts",
journal="Archives of medical science",
year="2010",
author="Tsirigotis, K. and Gruszczyński, W. and Tsirigotis-Wołoszczak, M.",
volume="6",
number="1",
pages="111-116",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Suicides and suicide attempts may be considered as manifestations not only of direct self-destructiveness, but also of indirect (chronic) selfdestructiveness. The aim of this work is to assess the relation between intensity of indirect self-destructiveness and suicide attempt modes. Material and methods: The research was conducted among 147 persons after suicide attempts (114 women and 33 men) aged 14-33 years. The Polish version of the &quot;Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale&quot; by Kelley (CS-DS) in Suchańska's adaptation was used. <br><br>RESULTS: Examined persons applied several modes of committing suicide: pharmacological drugs, exsanguination, hanging, jumping from a height, asphyxia, poisoning, and throwing oneself under a moving car. The most frequent are pharmacological drugs (42.31%) and exsanguination (25.60%); the rarest is throwing oneself under a car (1.28%). Relations between indirect self-destructiveness and the following suicide attempt modes were found: pharmacological drugs (0.366, p = 0.00001), poisoning (0.667, p = 0.01), and throwing oneself under a car (0.542, p = 0.04). There were found three clusters regarding the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness (low, medium and high). The largest differences concerned hanging, jumping from a height (medium CS-DS), poisoning and throwing oneself under a car (high CS-DS). There is a relation between indirect self-destructiveness and recurrence of suicide attempts (Kendall Tau = 0.217, p = 0.007); the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness differentiates the risk of consecutive suicide attempts (F = 2.871, p = 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The implications of the findings are mainly of preventive and therapeutic nature. In the preventative aspect, the subject of interest should be not only persons with a tendency to the active form of indirect self-destructiveness, but also persons exhibiting its passive form. Copyright © 2010 Termedia & Banach.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1734-1922",
doi="10.5114/aoms.2010.13517",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.13517"
}