@article{ref1,
title="Shootings by the police: What predicts when a firearms officer in england and wales will pull the trigger?",
journal="Policing and society",
year="2003",
author="Best, D. and Quigley, A.",
volume="13",
number="4",
pages="349-364",
abstract="The study reviews 20 police shootings between 1998 and 2001 that are classified by the police as &quot;spontaneous incidents&quot; (in other words, they did not involve incident pre-planning by the firearms commanders). The study used Police Complaints Authority files to review time intervals between initial police awareness of the incidents, arrival at the scene of firearms officers and the initial discharge of police weapons. The aim was to assess what factors-those relating to the vulnerability of the suspect, the circumstances of the incident or the policing response-predicted rapid discharges of police weapons. Providing only partial support for &quot;danger perception&quot; theory, it was aspects of the policing response, such as the number of firearms officers present, and the availability of incident command, that were linked to the rapidity of the shooting. While the small number of cases precludes definitive conclusions, the evidence presented suggests that police discharges are linked more strongly to the policing methods employed than to either the characteristics of the suspects or the risk to the public in the incidents. © 2003, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1043-9463",
doi="10.1080/1043946032000116000",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1043946032000116000"
}