@article{ref1,
title="Content of command hallucinations predicts self-harm but not violence in a medium secure unit",
journal="Journal of forensic psychiatry",
year="2002",
author="Rogers, P. and Watt, A. and Gray, N.S. and MacCulloch, M. and Gournay, K.",
volume="13",
number="2",
pages="251-262",
abstract="Evidence to date has supported negative relationships, a null relationship and a positive relationship between command hallucinations and violence or self-harm. This study was designed to determine the relationship between command hallucinations with violent or self-harm content and incidents of violence and self-harm in forensic inpatients. Patients with (n = 56) and without (n = 54) a lifetime history of command hallucinations and resident in a medium-security hospital were identified through clinical and legal records over 51 months. Measures included: staff-observed violence and self-harm; presence and content of command hallucinations; paranoid delusions; previous violent convictions; length of stay; gender; history of alcohol or illicit drug abuse. Statistical analyses used negative binomial regression. Violent command hallucinations and inpatient violence were unrelated. Self-harming command hallucinations and an absence of paranoid delusions were positively associated with self-harm. The processes that determine compliance with command hallucinations remain unclear.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0958-5184",
doi="10.1080/09585180210150096",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585180210150096"
}