@article{ref1,
title="State-of-the-art of ballastless track at-grade",
journal="Transportation engineering journal of the American Society of Civil Engineers",
year="1976",
author="Wheeler, WL",
volume="102",
number="1",
pages="131-145",
abstract="Ballastless track support structures are regarded as possible solutions to the problems of track maintenance and the research and development of these structures is reviewed. The new types of structures include ties embedded in concrete slabs and also beams. These structures are cast-in-place, precast, and slip formed. Several design problems are examined with consideration to the advantages of ballastless track over conventional track. Maintenance and cost advantages are considered. Current research and development is considered for seven countries; United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Soviet Union, Switzerland, Japan. This paper reviews the types of structures actually built and put in experimental or revenue service. The development of new types of rail fasteners is also considered with each type of new track structure.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0569-7891",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}