@article{ref1,
title="Engineering vengeful effervescence: lynching rituals and religious-political power in Pakistan",
journal="British journal of criminology",
year="2023",
author="Asif, Muhammad and Weenink, Don and Mascini, Peter",
volume="63",
number="6",
pages="1441-1459",
abstract="Based on case studies of seven (attempted) lynchings in Pakistan, we argue that they can be considered lynching rituals, which are instrumental in a context of political strife. 'Shrpsnd anasr' (agitators) play an important role as ritual engineers; they assemble crowds by spreading rumours and vocalizing accusations, use rhythmic chanting and slogan repetition to generate a shared vengeful mood and focus the crowd's attention on the (fabricated) encroachment of a moral imperative (notably blasphemy). We conclude that the vengeful effervescence generated in lynching rituals strengthens the clientelistic interdependency networks of religious-political leaders. The contribution of our study lies in demonstrating the importance of bodily practices in lynching rituals and their instrumental political value for both masses and political leaders.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-0955",
doi="10.1093/bjc/azac106",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac106"
}