@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol use, driver, and crash characteristics among injured motorcycle drivers",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="1996",
author="Kraus, Jess Frank and Peek-Asa, Corinne L.",
volume="41",
number="6",
pages="989-993",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Motorcycle drivers have the highest frequency of alcohol use among all road users. This study examines alcohol use among a large sample of injured motorcycle drivers and examines how crash characteristics differ with the use of alcohol. METHODS: Over 3,000 motorcycle drivers who crashed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, were studied. All fatally injured drivers in 11 California counties and a sample of nonfatally injured drivers treated in 28 hospitals were included in the study if a crash report and medical record were available. RESULTS: Among drivers tested for alcohol use, 42% tested positive for the presence of alcohol. Drinking drivers were more likely to be speeding and less likely to wear a helmet, and more frequently had single motorcycle crashes than nondrinking drivers. Crash characteristics, but not alcohol use, were predictive of increased injury severity. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol use remains a significant factor in motorcycle crashes and is an important area for injury prevention efforts.",
language="",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}