@article{ref1,
title="Cognitive behavioral therapy for managing depressive and anxiety symptoms after brain injury: a meta-analysis",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2024",
author="Barua, Ujjoyinee and Ahrens, Jessica and Shao, Richard and McKenzie, Heather and Wolfe, Dalton and Sequeira, Keith and Teasell, Robert and Loh, Eldon and Mehta, Swati",
volume="",
number="",
pages="1-14",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of depression and anxiety, leading to impaired recovery. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses anxiety and depression maintenance factors, its efficacy among those with TBI has not been clearly demonstrated. This review aims to bridge this gap in the literature. <br><br>METHODS: Several databases, including Medline, PsycInfo and EMBASE, were used to identify studies published between 1990 and 2021. Studies were included if: (1) trials were randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving CBT-based intervention targeting anxiety and/or depression; (2) participants experienced brain injury at least 3-months previous; (3) participants were ≥18 years old. An SMD ± SE, 95% CI and heterogeneity were calculated for each outcome. <br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled-sample analyses suggest that CBT interventions had small immediate post-treatment effects on reducing depression (SMD ± SE: 0.391 ± 0.126, p < 0.005) and anxiety (SMD ± SE: 0.247 ± 0.081, p < 0.005). Effects were sustained at a 3-months follow-up for depression. A larger effect for CBT was seen when compared with supportive therapy than control. Another sub-analysis found that individualized CBT resulted in a slightly higher effect compared to group-based CBT. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides substantial evidence for CBT in managing anxiety and depression post-TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2024.2309264",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2024.2309264"
}