@article{ref1,
title="Occupational Injury Costs and Alternative Employment in Construction Trades",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2007",
author="Waehrer, Geetha M. and Dong, Xiuwen Sue and Miller, Tyler and Men, Yongxin and Haile, Elizabeth",
volume="49",
number="11",
pages="1218-1227",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:: To present the costs of fatal and non-fatal days-away-from-work injuries in 50 construction occupations. Our results also provide indirect evidence on the cost exposure of alternative construction workers such as independent contractors, on-call or day labor, contract workers, and temporary workers. METHODS:: We combine data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics on average annual incidence from 2000 to 2002 with updated per-case costs from an existing cost model for occupational injuries. The Current Population Survey provides data on the percentage of alternative construction workers. RESULTS:: Construction laborers and carpenters were the two costliest occupations, with 40% of the industry's injury costs. The 10 costliest construction occupations also have a high percentage of alternative workers. CONCLUSIONS:: The construction industry has both a high rate of alternative employment and high costs of work injury. Alternative workers, often lacking workers' compensation, are especially exposed to injury costs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0b013e318156ed24",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318156ed24"
}