@article{ref1,
title="Adverse childhood experience-related conditions and substance use in adolescents: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data",
journal="Journal of school health",
year="2024",
author="Jayawardene, Wasantha and Lohrmann, David and Agley, Jon and Jun, Mikyoung and Gassman, Ruth",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cluster within children. In addition to standardized ACE measures, there exist &quot;ACE-related&quot; measures that are either directly or indirectly related to the standardized ACE constructs. This study aimed to identify ACE-related latent classes of adolescents and describe past-month substance use in each class by sex and race/ethnicity. <br><br>METHODS: Data from the 2018 Indiana Youth Survey (N = 70,703), which is a repeated self-administered, cross-sectional survey, were used. Latent class analysis was conducted using ACE-related family (parent incarceration, insulting/yelling within family, inability to discuss personal problems) and school (hate being in school, feeling unsafe, inability to talk to teachers one-on-one) items. Dependent variable combined past 30-day use-frequency of 17 substances. Two-way analysis of variances examined ACE by sex and race/ethnicity interaction. <br><br>RESULTS: Four ACE-related classes emerged: &quot;Family-Only&quot; (11.2%), &quot;School-Only&quot; (16.5%), &quot;Family-School&quot; (8.0%), and &quot;No-ACE&quot; (64.3%). Substance use was highest in &quot;Family-School&quot; (mean = 0.67); lowest in &quot;No-ACE&quot; (mean = 0.21). Significant race/ethnicity (F = 27.06; p < .0001), ACE * sex interaction (F = 12.13; p < .0001) and ACE * race/ethnicity interaction (F = 4.57; p < .0001) effects emerged. Within each ACE-related class, substance use was lowest for Asians and highest for Hispanics. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Adverse childhood experience-related items cluster within children across school and family environments and clustering differs by race/ethnicity, but not by sex. Incorporating ACE-related items into school surveys enhances the ability to implement interventions that target relationships between ACEs and substance use.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4391",
doi="10.1111/josh.13429",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.13429"
}