@article{ref1,
title="Delta V, principal direction of force, and restraint use contributions to motor vehicle crash mortality",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="2007",
author="Burch, Cynthia A. and Kufera, Joseph A. and Dischinger, Patricia C. and Ryb, Gabriel E.",
volume="63",
number="5",
pages="1000-1005",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To measure the combined contribution of change in velocity (Deltav), principal direction of force (PDOF), and restraint use on mortality after vehicular trauma. METHODS: The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network population includes patients &lt;8 years old with one injury with an Abbreviated Injury Scale score &gt;or=3 or with two injuries with an Abbreviated Injury Scale score &gt;or=2, who were occupants of a vehicle. Patients 15 years or younger; in rear collisions; back seat occupants; in crashes with Deltav &gt;80 km/h, unknown Deltav, or unknown PDOF; or in vehicles without airbags were excluded. Mortality was analyzed in relation to Deltav (km/h), restraint use, and PDOF using chi2. Multiple logistic regression models were built, including possible confounders (body mass index, age, gender) and interactions were explored. An [alpha]= 0.05 was used for all statistics. RESULTS: A totalof 1,261 cases were included. Mortality was higher for unrestrained than for restrained patients (17% vs. 9%) and was higher for lateral than for frontal impact patients (17% vs. 11%). Higher mortality rates were also observed for Deltav 40-80 km/h than for Deltav &lt;40 km/h (17% vs. 9%). Multiple logistic regression findings, after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, revealed significant effects of lateral PDOF (odds ratio [OR] 3.06 [2.03-4.61]), unrestrained status (OR 2.95 [2.01-4.38]), and Deltav 40-80 km/h (OR 3.65 [2.44-5.44]). Effect modification was found between PDOF and Deltav. CONCLUSIONS: A Deltav 40 km/h to 80 km/h, lack of restraint use, and lateral impact significantly affects mortality. A synergistic effect was found between Deltav 40-80 km/h and lateral PDOF.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="10.1097/TA.0b013e31815885c8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31815885c8"
}