@article{ref1,
title="Productivity loss among opioid and benzodiazepine users in the United States: a medical expenditure panel survey from 2010-2019",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2023",
author="Thornton, J. Douglas and Varisco, Tyler and Bhatt, Prachet and Olateju, Olajumoke and Shrestha, Mina and Shen, Chan",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between productivity losses and the use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines among employed US adults with painful conditions. <br><br>METHODS: Using Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (2010-2019), we employed two-part (logistic regression and generalized linear model with zero-truncated negative binomial link) model to compare missed workdays due to illness or injury among employed adults with a painful condition. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the eligible sample of 57,413 working US individuals, 14.65% were prescription opioid users, 2.95% were benzodiazepine users, and 1.59% were both opioid and benzodiazepine users. The predicted missed workdays were 5.75 (95%CL:5.58-5.92) days for benzodiazepine users, 13.06 (95%CL:12.88-13.23) days among opioid users, and 15.18 (95%CL:14.46-15.90) days for opioid and benzodiazepine concomitant users. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines was significantly associated with having more missed workdays among employed adults with documented painful conditions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0000000000003029",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000003029"
}