@article{ref1,
title="Adolescents' exposure to community violence and associations with after-school activities across two samples",
journal="Journal of Adolescence",
year="2023",
author="Alers-Rojas, Francheska and Ceballo, Rosario and Cranford, James A. and Esqueda, Ana Patricia and Troncoso, Solangel C.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Exposure to community violence (ECV) continues to be a major public health problem among urban adolescents in the United States. We sought to identify subgroups of adolescents' ECV and examine how after-school activities are related to exposure subgroups across two samples. <br><br>METHODS: In Study 1 there were 1432 adolescents (Cohort 9 n = 717, M(age)  = 11, and Cohort 12 n = 715, M(age)  = 14; 52% boys) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (1994-2002). Study 2 had a more recent sample of 537 adolescents (M(age)  = 16 years; 54% girls) from the After-School Activity Study (ASAS; 2015-2017) in Chicago and Detroit. <br><br>RESULTS: Exploratory latent class analyses yielded a three-class solution for Study 1: a &quot;No ECV&quot; class (44%); a &quot;Low ECV&quot; class (36%); and a &quot;High Exposure&quot; class (14%). In Study 2, a four-class solution was the best fit with a &quot;No ECV&quot; class (33%), a &quot;Moderate Witness/Low Victim&quot; class (36%), a &quot;High Witness/Moderate Victim&quot; class (19%), and a &quot;High ECV&quot; class (11%). Home-based activities appeared to be protective against high ECV for adolescents in Study 2. School-based activities were associated with higher ECV across both samples, but community-based activities were only associated with greater violence exposure in Study 1. Adolescents' unstructured socializing in both studies was associated with higher odds of ECV. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that subgroups of adolescents can be identified based on ECV and highlight the complexity of after-school activities as risk and protective factors in both past and more recent contexts.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0140-1971",
doi="10.1002/jad.12290",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jad.12290"
}