@article{ref1,
title="Adverse childhood experiences and ADHD symptoms among French college students",
journal="Journal of child and adolescent trauma",
year="2023",
author="Schwartz, Ashlyn and Galéra, Cedric and Kerbage, Hala and Montagni, Ilaria and Tzourio, Christophe",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="1109-1117",
abstract="To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among college students. We investigated the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms among French college students enrolled in the i-Share cohort using multivariate logistic regression models. The sample comprised of 1062 participants with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 2.3) of which 30.6% had no ACEs exposure, 29.6% had 1 ACE, 19.2% had 2 ACEs, and 20.6% had ≥ 3 ACEs. After controlling for potential confounders, every increase in ACE exposure heightened the risk of ADHD symptoms with the respective adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1 ACE: 2.1 (0.7-6.3) / 2 ACEs: 4.5 (2.6-12.8)/ ≥ 3 ACEs: 5.2 (1.8-14.8). Estimates for ADHD symptoms were higher with sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying. <br><br>FINDINGS suggest that ACEs heighten the risk for developing ADHD symptoms among college students and bear important implications for prevention and clinical practice.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1936-1521",
doi="10.1007/s40653-023-00543-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40653-023-00543-z"
}