@article{ref1,
title="<b>RETRACTED / WITHDRAWN</b> Lung and pleural effusion/height as useful index in drowning death diagnosis",
journal="Journal of forensic science and research",
year="2023",
author="Francesco Paolo, Busardò and Raffaele, Giorgetti and Angelo, Montana and Roberto, Montalti and Mariu Alexandru, Apostol and Claudia, Rosa and Roberto, Testi and Pesaresi, Mauro and Loredana, Buscemi and Enrico, Gerace and Alberto, Salomone and Eva, Montanari",
volume="7",
number="1",
pages="58-62",
abstract="This article has been RETRACTED / WITHDRAWN by the publisher.  <br><b>Do Not Cite.</b>  <br>The DOI has been disconnected and thus, deleted from this SafetyLit record.   Abstract of retracted article: Drowning under drug influence is scarcely reported, especially in relation to lung weight in drug-free or drug-positivity drowning. A novel drowning index is proposed in order to easily compare some factors (drug exposure, fresh/salty water, gender, age, post-mortem interval) acting on drowning deaths. Autopsies and toxicological analyses were performed in 48 drowning cases.   Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for drugs of abuse and headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS for volatile substances resulted in positive on 13 cases. The drug-positive group was compared to the drug-free group thanks to a novel drowning index [(lungs plus pleural effusion) / height]. Salty/freshwater, sex, and age influence were studied in the two groups to detect their influence on the novel drowning index.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2575-0186",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}