@article{ref1,
title="Co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and personality disorders in the United States: prevalence, suicidality, and the impact of substance abuse",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2023",
author="Anona, Kenechukwu and Olaomi, Oluwatobi and Udegbe, Ebehireme and Uwumiro, Fidelis and Tuaka, Ebere-Bank and Okafor, Nnenna and Adeyinka, Adebimpe and Obijuru, Chinwendu and Okpujie, Victory and Bojerenu, Micheal and Opeyemi, Mojeed",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study investigates prevalence rates of specific personality disorders (PDs) in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and their impact on substance abuse and suicidality, addressing existing gaps in the literature. <br><br>METHODS: Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data (2016-2020), adult hospitalizations for BD with coexisting PDs were analyzed. Study variables were defined using ICD-10-CM codes. Prevalence of PD were reported as cases per 100,000 BD admissions. Regression models assessed the association between substance abuse and suicidality. <br><br>RESULTS: About 993,000 admissions for BD were analyzed. The cohort was predominantly Caucasian (70.5 %) with higher female representation (54.5 %). The mean age was 41 years. 89.4 % of individuals had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≤ 1. The most common diagnostic subtype was manic episode of BD with or without psychotic features (32.3 %). Coexisting PDs were observed in 12.2 % of the population, with borderline PD (8.2 %) and antisocial PD (2.6 %) being most prevalent. Substance abuse was common (44.8 %), with cannabis (23.8 %), alcohol (19.4 %), cocaine (10.5 %), and opioids (9.6 %) being most reported. Substance abuse was higher in individuals with BD and PD (50 %) compared to BD alone (44.1 %). 596 suicide attempts were recorded (60 per 100,000 BD admissions). Substance abuse and coexisting PD in bipolar individuals elevated the likelihood of attempts (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Use of administrative data (retrospective, inpatient); treatment not studied. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The study reveals a notable prevalence of PDs in individuals with BD, with increased likelihood of substance abuse and suicide attempts in those with coexisting BD and PD compared to BD alone.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.087",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.087"
}