@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse in Iranian adults: results of Azar Cohort Study",
journal="Health promotion perspectives",
year="2023",
author="Naghizadeh, Sahar and Faramarzi, Elnaz and Akbari, Hossein and Jafari, Nasrin and Sarbakhsh, Parvin and Mohammadpoorasl, Asghar",
volume="13",
number="2",
pages="99-104",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Substance abuse has significant health impacts on families and society as a whole. We aimed to provide detailed prevalence estimates of substance abuse among the Azar Cohort Study respondents in Tabriz, Iran. <br><br>METHODS: Data on 15006 participants of Azar Cohort Study were analyzed. The variables included tobacco smoking, alcohol use, drug abuse, and socio-demographic characteristics. The prevalence of substance abuse (with a 95% confidence interval) was calculated using the direct standardization method. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 9.3% and 6.2% of the participants were regular and heavy cigarette smokers, respectively. Also, 1.9% and 2.1% of participants reported a history of using illicit drugs and alcohol, respectively. Substance abuse was more prevalent among males than females. Substance abuse varied significantly with age and socioeconomic variables. <br><br>CONCLUSION: We identified specific demographic and socioeconomic groups with a higher prevalence of all studied behaviors. Such high-risk groups should be targeted when designing substance abuse prevention programs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2228-6497",
doi="10.34172/hpp.2023.12",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2023.12"
}