@article{ref1,
title="Effects of low-dose ketamine infusion on vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 among patients with treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation",
journal="Journal of psychiatric research",
year="2023",
author="Chen, Mu-Hong and Lin, Wei-Chen and Li, Cheng-Ta and Wu, Hui-Ju and Bai, Ya-Mei and Tsai, Shih-Jen and Su, Tung-Ping and Tu, Pei-Chi",
volume="165",
number="",
pages="91-95",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) influence the pathophysiology of depression. However, whether low-dose ketamine regulates VEGF and MMP-9 levels and whether changes in VEGF and MMP-9 levels are associated with the antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of ketamine remained unclear. <br><br>METHODS: Forty-eight patients with treatment-resistant depression and strong suicidal ideation (TRD-SI) were randomly assigned to a single infusion of 0.5-mg/kg ketamine or 0.045-mg/kg midazolam. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-Ideation Severity Subscale (CSSRS-ISS) were used at baseline and subsequently at several postinfusion timepoints. VEGF and MMP-9 serum levels were analyzed at baseline and on day 3 postinfusion. <br><br>RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline levels, no significant differences in VEGF (p =.912) and MMP-9 (p =.758) levels were identified on day 3 postinfusion between the study groups. Baseline VEGF levels but not MMP-9 levels were negatively associated with MADRS and CSSRS-ISS scores following infusion. <br><br>DISCUSSION: A single infusion of low-dose ketamine did not alter the VEGF and MMP-9 levels of the patients with TRD-SI. Higher baseline VEGF levels were associated with greater antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of single low-dose ketamine infusion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3956",
doi="10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.022",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.022"
}