@article{ref1,
title="The effects of victimization on offending: an examination of general strain theory, criminal propensity, risk, protection, and resilience",
journal="Victims and offenders",
year="2023",
author="Kushner, Mackenzie and Fagan, Abigail A.",
volume="18",
number="6",
pages="1009-1029",
abstract="General strain theory (GST) proposes that criminal coping is most likely for victims who possess multiple individual and environmental risk factors that together create a strong propensity for offending. However, this conceptualization does not consider the potential buffering effects of multiple protective factors on the victimization/offending relationship. This study addresses this limitation using self-report data from waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (N = 13,346). Negative binomial logistic regression models assessed the conditioning effects of composite and individual measures representing criminal propensity/risk and protection/resilience on the victim/offending relationship. <br><br>RESULTS support GST's premise that victimization increases involvement in offending but, contrary to GST, greater risk weakened the relationship between victimization and offending while greater protection strengthened this relationship. <br><br>FINDINGS highlight a need for further theoretical development and a greater understanding of the subjective experience of victimization and pathways associated with increased risk and resiliency.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1556-4886",
doi="10.1080/15564886.2022.2077495",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2077495"
}