@article{ref1,
title="Parenting in the early years and self-harm in adolescence: the role of control and reward systems in childhood",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2023",
author="Dawe-Lane, E. and Flouri, E.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Research suggests that early parenting may contribute to the development of self-harm but this has not been examined longitudinally. In this study, we explored the relationship between early parenting and self-harm in adolescence and considered whether emotion regulation and decision-making in childhood mediate the relationship between early parenting and self-harm. <br><br>METHOD: Using longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we tested mediation models exploring the relationship between early parenting and self-harm in adolescence via emotion regulation and decision-making. Parenting was assessed at age 3 with measures of conflict, closeness and discipline. The trajectories of independence and self-regulation and emotional dysregulation were modelled from ages 3 to 7 years through latent growth curve analysis, with individual predicted slope and intercept values used in mediation models. Decision-making (deliberation time, total time, delay aversion, quality of decision making, risk adjustment, risk-taking) was assessed using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) at age 11. <br><br>RESULTS: In our sample (n = 11,145), we found no evidence of a direct association between early parenting and self-harm in adolescence. However, there were indirect effects of parenting (conflict and closeness) on self-harm via the slope of emotional dysregulation. Furthermore, delay aversion was positively associated with self-harm in adolescence. LIMITATIONS: It must be acknowledged that we cannot determine causality and that self-report measures of parenting are vulnerable to several biases. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings support early identification and interventions for children exhibiting chronic emotional dysregulation and decision-making characterised by a bias for smaller, immediate over larger, delayed rewards.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.061",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.061"
}