@article{ref1,
title="The risk of decompression illness in breath-hold divers: a systematic review",
journal="Diving and hyperbaric medicine",
year="2023",
author="Blogg, S. Lesley and Tillmans, Frauke and Lindholm, Peter",
volume="53",
number="1",
pages="31-41",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Breath-hold (BH) diving has known risks, for example drowning, pulmonary oedema of immersion and barotrauma. There is also the risk of decompression illness (DCI) from decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas embolism (AGE). The first report on DCS in repetitive freediving was published in 1958 and from then there have been multiple case reports and a few studies but no prior systematic review or meta-analysis. <br><br>METHODS: We undertook a systematic literature review to identify articles available from PubMed and Google Scholar concerning breath-hold diving and DCI up to August 2021. <br><br>RESULTS: The present study identified 17 articles (14 case reports, three experimental studies) covering 44 incidences of DCI following BH diving. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review found that the literature supports both DCS and AGE as potential mechanisms for DCI in BH divers; both should be considered a risk for this cohort of divers, just as for those breathing compressed gas while underwater.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1833-3516",
doi="10.28920/dhm53.1.31-41",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm53.1.31-41"
}