@article{ref1,
title="Mutualistic processes in the development of psychopathology: the special case of borderline personality disorder",
journal="Journal of psychopathology and clinical science",
year="2023",
author="Choate, Alexandria M. and Bornovalova, Marina A. and Hipwell, Alison E. and Chung, Tammy and Stepp, Stephanie D.",
volume="132",
number="2",
pages="185-197",
abstract="Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by instability in affective, cognitive, and interpersonal domains. BPD co-occurs with several mental disorders and has robust, positive associations with the general factors of psychopathology (p-factor) and personality disorders (g-PD). Consequently, some researchers have purported BPD to be a marker of p, such that the core features of BPD reflect a generalized liability to psychopathology. This assertion has largely stemmed from cross-sectional evidence and no research to date has explicated the developmental relationships between BPD and p. The present study aimed to investigate the development of BPD traits and the p-factor by examining predictions of two opposing frameworks: dynamic mutualism theory and the common cause theory. Competing theories were evaluated to determine which perspective best accounted for the relationship of BPD and p from adolescence into young adulthood. Data were drawn from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS; N = 2,450) and included yearly self-assessments of BPD and other internalizing and externalizing indices from ages 14 to 21. Theories were examined using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) and network models. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that neither dynamic mutualism nor the common cause theory could fully explain the developmental relations between BPD and p. Instead, both frameworks were partially supported, with p found to strongly predict within-person change in BPD at several ages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2769-7541",
doi="10.1037/abn0000800",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000800"
}