@article{ref1,
title="Type and dose-response effect of adverse childhood experiences in predicting depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2023",
author="Tan, Minghui and Mao, Ping",
volume="139",
number="",
pages="e106091-e106091",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Researchers have documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. However, the type and dose-response effects of ACE on depression risk need further exploration. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between ACEs measured by ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and depression in type and quantity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Individuals with ACEs. <br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was carried out of all published articles, up to November 2022, in eight electronic databases. Fixed- and random-effect models and dose-response were used. <br><br>RESULTS: Exposure to ACEs, including household dysfunction, was associated with a higher risk of depression (ORs ranged from 1.34 to 3.17). The numbers of ACE acted as a nonlinear predictor of depression. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These analyses provided important evidence that ACEs, regardless of type or quantity, may be a risk factor for depression development. Prevention of ACEs and interventions for supporting those affected by ACEs are necessary.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106091",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106091"
}