@article{ref1,
title="Finite element analysis of head-neck kinematics during motor vehicle accidents: analysis in multiple planes",
journal="Medical engineering and physics",
year="2007",
author="Teo, Ee Chon and Zhang, Qing Hang and Huang, Russel C.",
volume="29",
number="1",
pages="54-60",
abstract="In this study, a detailed three-dimensional head-neck (C0-C7) finite element (FE) model developed previously based on the actual geometry of a human cadaver specimen was used. Five simulation analyses were performed to investigate the kinematic responses of the head-neck complex under rear-end, front, side, rear- and front-side impacts. Under rear-end and front impacts, it was predicted that the global and intervertebral rotations of the head-neck in the sagittal plane displayed nearly symmetric curvatures about the frontal plane. The primary sagittal rotational angles of the neck under direct front and rear-end impact conditions were higher than the primary frontal rotational angles under other side impact conditions. The analysis predicted early S-shaped and subsequent C-shaped curvatures of the head-neck complex in the sagittal plane under front and rear-end impact, and in the frontal plane under side impact. The head-neck complex flexed laterally in one direction with peak magnitude of larger than 22 degrees and a duration of about 130 ms before flexing in the opposite direction under both side and rear-side impact, compared to the corresponding values of about 15 degrees and 105 ms under front-side impact. The C0-C7 FE model has reasonably predicted the effects of impact direction in the primary sagittal and frontal segmental motion and curvatures of the head-neck complex under various impact conditions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1350-4533",
doi="10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.01.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.01.007"
}