@article{ref1,
title="The effects and conflicts of co-opetition in a rail-water multimodal transport system",
journal="Annals of operations research",
year="2023",
author="Liu, Jiaguo and Xu, Haonan and Chen, Jihong",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="This study investigates a rail-water multimodal transport system composed of a railway company, a liner company, and an emerging multi-modal operator. Based on the co-opetition game, we discuss decision strategy preference and conflict from a multi-stakeholder perspective to optimize individual profit and system efficiency. It is found that although the invasion of multi-modal operators into the market poses a threat to competition, their service effort directly affects the market demand and promotes the profits of each carrier. The free-riding and market expansion effects triggered by service effort interact with each other. However, multi-modal operators can cope with the negative impact of the free-riding effect through the service strategy and promote system efficiency optimization. Specifically, discussing each carrier's decision-making preferences for maximizing profits, we find that the multi-modal operators' strategy can achieve the Pareto optimal of triple-win, and the system efficiency is also optimal simultaneously.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0254-5330",
doi="10.1007/s10479-022-05132-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-05132-1"
}