@article{ref1,
title="An indirect cost of male-male aggression arising from female response",
journal="Zoological science",
year="2022",
author="Yoshimizu, Toshiki and Akutsu, Junichi and Matsuo, Takashi",
volume="39",
number="6",
pages="514-520",
abstract="Animal behavior is often polymorphic between individuals within a population. A cost/benefit balance of a particular behavioral pattern may be influenced by social interaction with other individuals with different behavioral patterns. Males of a fruitfly, Drosophila prolongata, show genetically defined polymorphism in aggressiveness and boldness against rival males. Males of the H strain are highly aggressive, and their fights tend to escalate into boxing, the highest level of aggressive interaction. H males are also bold against sneaker males and do not hesitate to perform leg vibration (LV), a courtship behavior that is vulnerable to interception of the female by surrounding rival males. In contrast, males of the L strain rarely engage in boxing and do not perform LV in the presence of rival males. We examined their mating success in small experimental populations. The mating success of L males was higher in a pure L population than in a mixed population with H males, whereas that of H males was higher in a mixed population than in a pure H population. Notably, this 'cost of aggression' in a pure H population seemed not directly derived from the male-to-male interaction but was imposed by the female's response of escaping from fighting males, compromising the benefit of the resource monopolization as territory.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0289-0003",
doi="10.2108/zs210116",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs210116"
}