@article{ref1,
title="Auditory hallucinations and self-injurious behavior in general population adolescents: modeling within-person effects in the Tokyo Teen Cohort",
journal="Schizophrenia bulletin",
year="2022",
author="Stanyon, Daniel and De Vylder, Jordan and Yamasaki, Syudo and Yamaguchi, Satoshi and Ando, Shuntaro and Usami, Satoshi and Endo, Kaori and Miyashita, Mitsuhiro and Kanata, Sho and Morimoto, Yuko and Hosozawa, Mariko and Baba, Kaori and Nakajima, Naomi and Niimura, Junko and Nakanishi, Miharu and Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Mariko and Kasai, Kiyoto and Nishida, Atsushi",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: A wealth of evidence suggests that adolescent psychotic experiences (PEs), and especially auditory hallucinations (AHs), are associated with an increased risk for self-injurious behavior (SIB). However, the directionality and specificity of this association are not well understood, and there are no published studies investigating within-person effects over time. The present study aimed to test whether AHs and SIB prospectively increase reciprocal risk at the individual level during early-to-middle adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: Three waves (12y, 14y, and 16y) of self-reported AHs and SIB data from a large Tokyo-based adolescent birth cohort (N = 2825) were used. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) analysis was conducted to test the within-person prospective associations between AHs and SIB. STUDY RESULTS: At the within-person level, AHs were associated with subsequent SIB over the observation period (12y-14y: β =.118, P <.001; 14-16y: β =.086, P =.012). The reverse SIB->AHs relationship was non-significant at 12-14y (β =.047, P =.112) but emerged from 14y to 16y as the primary direction of influence (β =.243, P <.001). Incorporating depression as a time-varying covariate did not meaningfully alter model estimates. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A complex bi-directional pattern of relationships was observed between AHs and SIB over the measurement period, and these relationships were independent of depressive symptoms. Adolescent AHs may be both a predictor of later SIB and also a manifestation of SIB-induced psychological distress.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0586-7614",
doi="10.1093/schbul/sbac155",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbac155"
}