@article{ref1,
title="The association of limited English proficiency with morbidity and mortality after trauma",
journal="Journal of surgical research",
year="2022",
author="Castro, Maria R. H. and Schwartz, Hope and Hernandez, Sophia and Calthorpe, Lucia and Fernandez, Alicia and Stein, Deborah and Mackersie, Robert C. and Menza, Rebecca and Bongiovanni, Tasce",
volume="280",
number="",
pages="326-332",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Disparities following traumatic injury by race/ethnicity and insurance status are well-documented. However, the relationship between limited English proficiency (LEP) and outcomes after trauma is poorly understood. This study describes the association between LEP and morbidity and mortality after traumatic injury. <br><br>METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of adult trauma patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 2012 to 2018. Morbidity (length of stay [LOS], intensive care unit admission, intensive care unit LOS, discharge destination) and in-hospital mortality for LEP and English proficient (EP) patients were compared using univariate and multivariable logistic and generalized linear models controlling for patient demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance) and clinical characteristics (mechanism, activation level, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, traumatic brain injury). <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 13,104 patients, 16% were LEP patients. LEP languages included Chinese (44%) and Spanish (38%), and 18% categorized as &quot;Other,&quot; including 33 languages. In multivariable models, LEP was statistically significantly associated with increased hospital LOS (P = 0.003) and increased discharge to home with home health services (P = 0.042) or to skilled nursing facility/rehabilitation (P = 0.006). Mortality rate was 7% for LEP versus 4% for EP patients (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, speaking an LEP language other than Chinese or Spanish was statistically significantly associated with increased mortality compared to EP (P = 0.006). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Following traumatic injury, LEP patients experience increased hospital LOS and are more frequently discharged to home with home health services or to skilled nursing facilities/rehabilitation. LEP patients speaking languages other than Chinese or Spanish experience increased mortality compared to EP patients.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4804",
doi="10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.044",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.044"
}