@article{ref1,
title="Long-term effects of multiple concussions on prefrontal cortex oxygenation during repeated squat-stands in retired contact sport athletes",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2022",
author="Sirant, Luke W. and Singh, Jyotpal and Martin, Steve and Gaul, Catherine A. and Stuart-Hill, Lynneth and Candow, Darren G. and Mang, Cameron and Neary, J. Patrick",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study investigated the long-term effects of multiple concussions on prefrontal cortex oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a squat-stand maneuver that activated dynamic cerebral autoregulation. <br><br>METHODS: Active male retired contact sport athletes with a history of 3+ concussions (mTBI; n = 55), and active retired athletes with no concussion history (CTRL; n = 29) were recruited. Participants completed a 5-min squat-stand maneuve (10-s squat, 10-s stand, 0.05 Hz; 15 times). Oxygenated (O(2)Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), total (tHb) hemoglobin, and hemoglobin difference (HbDiff) were analyzed through the change in maximal and minimal values during the test (∆MAX), Z-scores, and standard deviations. <br><br>RESULTS: mTBI group showed left prefrontal cortex O(2)Hb ∆MAX (p = 0.046) and HbDiff ∆MAX (p = 0.018) were significantly higher. Within-group analyses showed significantly higher left HHb ∆MAX (p = 0.003) and lower left HbDiff Z-scores (p = 0.010) only in the mTBI group. The CTRL group demonstrated significantly lower left HbDiff SD (p = 0.039), tHb Z-scores (p = 0.030), and HbDiff ∆MAX (p = 0.037) compared to right prefrontal cortex response. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation potentially affecting the brain's ability to adapt to changing cerebral perfusion pressure after multiple previous concussions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2022.2109737",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2022.2109737"
}