@article{ref1,
title="Potential suicide prophylactic activity by the fish oil metabolite, 4-hydroxyhexenal",
journal="International journal of molecular sciences",
year="2022",
author="Kalkman, Hans O.",
volume="23",
number="13",
pages="e6953-e6953",
abstract="Low levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and high levels of n-6 PUFAs in the blood circulation are associated with an increased risk for suicide. Clinical studies indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a n-3 PUFA found in fish-oil) displays protective effects against suicide. It has recently been proposed that the activation of the transcription factor NRF2 might be the pharmacological activity that is common to current anti-suicidal medications. Oxidation products from fish oil, including those from DHA, are electrophiles that reversibly bind to a protein 'KEAP1', which acts as the molecular inhibitor of NRF2 and so indirectly promotes NRF2-transcriptional activity. In the majority of publications, the NRF2-stimulant effect of DHA is ascribed to the metabolite 4-hydroxyhexenal (4HHE). It is suggested to investigate whether 4HHE will display a therapeutically useful anti-suicidal efficacy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-6596",
doi="10.3390/ijms23136953",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136953"
}