@article{ref1,
title="Punch-drunk slugnuts: violence and the vernacular history of disease",
journal="Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences",
year="2022",
author="Casper, Stephen T.",
volume="113",
number="2",
pages="266-288",
abstract="The observation that neurological illnesses follow recurrent hits to the head was tempered by the terms that first called the diseases into scientific existence: &quot;punch-drunk,&quot; &quot;slugnutty,&quot; &quot;slaphappy,&quot; &quot;goofy,&quot; &quot;punchy,&quot; and a host of other colloquialisms accompanying class identities. Thus the discovery of disease and its medicalization ran straight into a countervailing belief about losers--losers in boxing, losers in life, losers in general. To medicalize such individuals was to fly in the face of a culture that made them jokes. Yet a subculture began to emerge around pathological understandings: first in medicine, then in journalism, then in the courts, and finally with patient accounts about illness.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-1753",
doi="10.1086/719720",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/719720"
}